New Books in 2001- - Prevent Genocide International

Campbell explains why the international community fails so miserably to prevent, suppress, and punish contemporary genocide. The book integrates the scattered pieces of this complex problem – political, military, legal, and ethical – into a more complete, clearer picture of the challenge facing the world today. Campbell engages in a complex, multi-level analysis of genocide’s impact upon world order, and the inter-play of politics and morality in the international community’s determination of the appropriate role for military force in halting genocide and securing an emerging global civil society. Contents: Introduction: Return of an “Odious Scourge” * The Grand-Strategic Context * Misunderstanding Genocide * Misusing Force * Misreading the Public * Genocide in Bosnia * Genocide in Rwanda * Genocide in Kosovo * Remedy * Conclusion: Towards a Better Twenty-First Century. Kenneth J. Campbell is Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Relations at the University of Delaware. http://www.udel.edu/poscir/kjcamp.htm

This book explores various foreign policy options for the prevention of genocide abroad. Research was funded in part by a grant from the United States Institute of Peace. Subtopics in the book include: · International law and international ethics · Humanitarian intervention · Peacekeeping and peace enforcement · Intelligence issues, including early warning measures · The relative effectiveness of diplomacy, economic pressure, and nonviolent resistance · The role of the United Nations, NATO, and other international organizations · The influence of the news media · The role of politics and propaganda · Psychological and sociological factors, including ideology and religion · Cultural and Holocaust-based perspectives on genocide. John G. Heidenrich was for 2 years senior analyst with Open Source Solutions (OSS) Inc., where he is responsible for monitoring and reporting on war crimes and the potential for genocide in countries worldwide. Formerly an analyst with the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), he later joined the Institute for Defense & Disarmament Studies (IDDS), a nonprofit think-tank in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he directed its Project on Genocide Prevention. He holds an MPA degree from Harvard University and a Bachelor's degree in Political Science from the American University in Washington, D.C.

Peter Ronayne's Never Again? provides the reader with a provocative and comprehensive first look at American foreign policy as it relates to the prevention and punishment of genocide since the Holocaust. The nior faculty member at the Federal Executive Institute, in Charlottesville, Virginia, and is adjunct professor at the University of Virginia.book chronicles how the United States has repeatedly missed opportunities or "ethical leadership moments" to stand up for human rights and save hundreds of thousands of lives when faced with genocide in Cambodia, Bosnia and Rwanda. At the same time, Ronayne explores how the US has taken important action to bring about justice in the aftermath of genocidal crimes, despite its initial reluctance to even ratify the Genocide Convention. From this dual record of striking failures and important accomplishments emerge provocative questions about the United States' leadership on the world stage, global ethics and morality, and America's commitment to genocide prevention and punishment in the 21st century. The final chapter considers the implications of the findings presented here for the future of American foreign policy, the prevention and punishment of genocide, and the evolution of the genocide norm." Despite the startling failures he documents, Ronayne also shows that important progress has been made, however slowly. Chapters: Foreword by Joel H. Rosenthal, Introduction: The United States in an Age of Genocide, An Unconventional Debate: The United States and the Genocide Convention, The United States and the Cambodian Tragedy, The United States and Genocide in Bosnia, Eyes Wide Shut: The United States and the Rwanda Genocide, Conclusion: "Thus Can We Make It" The Foreward, Introduction and thirty page long first chapter are availble from the www.rowmanlittlefield.com website.

-Preface (Michael Sells)
-Introduction (Otis L. Scott)
-The political determinants of ethnic genocide (Frank M. Afflitto and Margaret Vandiver)
-Always the first to go: People with disabilities (Arthur Blaser)
-In through the gates and out through the chimneys: Gypsies and the Holocaust (Deborah Bruce)
-In the eyes of the beholder: The Brasilian Black Consciousness movement’s perceptions of genocide against Afro-Brasilians (David Covin)
-The structure of obligations in international humanitarian law and its implications for conceptions of citizenship (L. Edward Day, Margaret Vandiver, and W. Richard Janikowski)
-Genocide in Matabeleland and Midlands in Zimbabwe: a failed transition to democracy and ethnic coexistence (Smile Dube)
-The victims of Nazi persecution: Will the Holocaust-era litigation answer the questions of history? (Barry A. Fisher)
-In genocide, responsibility stems from volition (Albert Globus)
Class, nation and race in communist crimes against humanity: Theoretical and -historical reflections on Marxist racism and violence (Steve Heder)
-Why did the international community fail Rwanda and continues to do it? (Augustin Kamongi)
-Ethnic relations in Central Europe: How to foster and to avoid genocide and ethnic cleansing (Thomas Kando)-Armenian genocide and the survival of children (Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill)

-The Armenian genocide and the unpaid life insurance policies: legal and historical perspectives (Hrayr S. Karagueuzian)
-The Rwandan genocide: A test case for Evangelization (Elisée Rutagambwa, s.j.)
-Doctors, society and the Holocaust: Searching for the roots of evil (Erich H. Loewy)
-The Armenian property and the destruction of Armenian historical monuments as a manifestation of the genocidal process (Dickram Kouymjian)
-The Austrian encounter (Samson Munn)
-The Japanese press and the Rwandan genocide (Michimi Muranushi)
-Holocaust population redeployment and Soviet forced labor camps (Tamas Stark)
-The post-genocide state of Rwanda (Yumiko Takashima)
-A philosophy of negociation: Retracing the coordinates of subjectivity (Adrian Parr)
-The Armenian genocide though art and literature (Rubina Peroomian)
-Why Johnny doesn’t learn about genocide: How the American schooling system has betrayed the history and legacy of genocide (Nicole Vartivanian)
-Indifference + Inaction = Genocide (Lionel VonFrederick Rawlins
-Trivialization of genocide: the case of Rwanda (Alexandre Kimenyi)

Daniel Chirot and Martin E.P. Seligman, editors, Ethnopolitical warfare : causes, consequences, and possible solutions, (Washington, DC : American Psychological Association, 2001), 400 pages

Why does ethnopolitical conflict sometimes lead to genocide and other times to peace? Ajoint initiative created in 1997 by the two presidents-elect of the American and Canadian Psychological Associations, The Presidential Initiative on Ethnopolitical Warfare (EPW), grew from the concern and realization that destructive international conflict in the post Cold War era had entered a new and chilling phase of expression. An international conference in July 1998 set the foundations for answering the question 'Under what circumstances have ethnic conflicts been resolved, sometimes even after periods of violent bloodshed?' In this volume, political scientists, psychologists, sociologists, and historians examine over a dozen international cases to try to understand what causes a society's ethnic conflicts to escalate or deescalate. This unique book contains cogent critiques of the political and historical antecedents to conflict around the world, combining them with psychological analyses of group identity and intergroup conflict. In examining the escalation of ethnic conflict, the authors highlight the critical role of group identification. How group identification becomes enmeshed with threatened economic resources, violent political subcultures, and media manipulation of collective fear is stressed. The lessons from the histories of specific countries are given cogent review: Why is Tanzania a rare model of ethnic peace in Africa while its neighbor Rwanda houses the worst case of ethnic warfare on the continent? How can South Africa's history provide a positive example of the resolution of ethnopolitical tensions? This book illustrates the promise that an interdisciplinary approach has to offer in preventing further genocide and ethnic warfare in the 21st century.

Jordan J. Paust, M. Cherif Bassiouni, et al, Human rights module : on crimes against humanity, genocide, other crimes against human rights, and war crimes, Durham, NC : Carolina Academic Press, 2001.

Armenian Genocide:

Simon Payaslian, The Armenian genocide, 1915-1923 : a handbook for students and teachers, Glendale, Calif. : Armenian Cultural Foundation, 2001, 118 pp. [ Earlier edition published: Glendale : Armenian National Committee, Western Region, 1988, Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-114) ]

Shirinian and Alan Whitehorn. The Armenian genocide : resisting the inertia of indifference, Kingston, Ont. : Blue Heron Press, 2001, 87 pp. [ Notes: Canadian public opinion on the Armenian massacres, 1915-1923 (Génocide arménian) Includes essays, poems and letters, Includes bibliographical references: p. 82-87]

United States Congress. House Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights. H. Res. 398, the United States training on and commemoration of the Armenian genocide resolution : hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, September 14, 2000, Washington : U.S. G.P.O. 2001, : iv, 175 pp.

Rwanda and Central Africa:

Bruce Jones investigates why the wide-ranging efforts to forestall genocidal violence in Rwanda in 1994 failed so miserably. Jones traces the individual and collective impact of both official and unofficial mediation efforts, peacekeeping missions, and humanitarian aid. Providing theoretical and empirical evidence, he shows that the failure of the peace process was not the result of lack of effort, or even the weakness of any particular effort. Rather, it was due to a combination of factors: the lack of connections among the various attempts at conflict resolution; the intransigence of the warring parties; the lack of a coherent strategy for managing spoilers in the peace process; and weak international support. Peacemaking in Rwanda generates critical insights into the limits of our contemporary systems for conflict prevention and management, serving as a sobering argument for reform of the international conflict management system. Bruce D. Jones is currently special assistant to the UN's special coordinator for the Middle East peace process, based in Gaza. Previously, he was responsible for strategic coordination and postconflict policy issues at the UN's Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Contents: Introduction: The Rwandan Civil War in Context, War and Genocide: A History of the Rwandan Conflict. Early Peacemaking Efforts: Regional Pre-Negotiation, The Arusha Negotiations: Mediation and Facilitation, UN Peacekeeping and the Collapse of Arusha: Implementation Efforts, Genocide, Humanitarian Crisis, and the Renewal of War: The Consequences of Failure, Dynamics of Peacemaking in Rwanda: Conclusions and Implications.

Columbia University professor of government Mahmood Mamdani examines the long-term historical, geographic, theoretical, and moral centext of the Rwandan genocide of 1994 to explain why so many Rwandans turned upon their neighbors. He finds answers in the nature of political identities generated during colonialism, in the failures of the nationalist revolution to transcend these identities, and in regional demographic and political currents that reach beyond Rwanda to events in neighboring Burundi, Uganda, and Congo. His analysis provides a solid foundation for future studies and notes ways to reform political identity in central Africa and prevent future mass killing. Chapters include Introduction: Thinking about Genocide * Defining the Crisis of Postcolonial Citizenship: Settler and Native as Political Identities * The Origins of Hutu and Tutsi * The Racialization of the Hutu/Tutsi Difference under Colonialism * The ''Social Revolution'' of 1959 * The Second Republic: Redefining Tutsi from Race to Ethnicity * The Politics of Indigeneity in Uganda: Background to the RPF Invasion * The Civil War and the Genocide * Tutsi Power in Rwanda and the Citizenship Crisis in Eastern Congo * Conclusion: Political Reform after Genocide

Yehuda Bauer, Rethinking the Holocaust, Yale University Press, 352 pp. 5 x 8

Yehuda Bauer, one of the world’s premier historians of the Holocaust, here presents an insightful overview and reconsideration of its history and meaning. Drawing on research he and other historians have done in recent years, he offers fresh opinions on such basic issues as how to define and explain the Holocaust; whether it can be compared with other genocides; how Jews reacted to the murder campaign against them; and what the relationship is between the Holocaust and the establishment of Israel. The Holocaust says something terribly important about humanity, says Bauer. He analyzes explanations of the Holocaust by Zygmunt Bauman, Jeffrey Herf, Goetz Aly, Daniel Goldhagen, John Weiss, and Saul Friedländer and then offers his own interpretation of how the Holocaust could occur. Providing fascinating narratives as examples, he deals with reactions of Jewish men and women during the Holocaust and tells of several attempts at rescue operations. He also explores Jewish theology of the Holocaust, arguing that our view of the Holocaust should not be clouded by mysticism: it was an action by humans against other humans and is therefore an explicable event that we can prevent from recurring.

Edwin Black, IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation, (Crown Publishers, February 12, 2001), 519 pp.

A book of Holocaust history for the Information Age describing how a US-based international company could be involved in genocide through a German subsidary. Images of past genocides have often been shaped by the means most commonly used to accomplish the destruction. The Armenian gencoide is remembered for telegraph lines and deportation caravans; Rwanda for ID cards, roadblocks and machetes; and Cambodian for the agrarian killing fields where the urban pupulation and others were worked and starved to death. The Holocaust is portrayed as an industrial genocide involving complex train schedules, prussic acid gas chambers and assembly-line oven cremetoria. Edwin Black adds to this image the new element of mass killing through use of data processing and statistics, with IBM's German subsidiary Dehomag (Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft m.b.H.) enabling the Nazi authorities to systematize the persecution of European Jews. The author, who previously wrote the 1999 book The Transfer Agreement : The Dramatic Story of the Pact Between the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine, describes the use of IBM's Hollerith mechanical punch card tabulation machines, an early form of data processing, as a breakthrough technology. One emplyee of Dehomag using these machines to the Nazi Government tablate the population censuses of 1933 and 1939. 'We are very much like physicians,' he told his Nazi audience, 'in that we dissect, cell by cell, the German cultural body... these are not dead little cards; quite to the contrary, they prove later on that they come to life when they are sorted at 25,000 an hour according to certain characteristics.'

Gellately is the author of The Gestapo and German Society and Professor in Holocaust History at Clark University. Using newspapers and radio broadcasts of the day as evidence, effectively demonstrates how "ordinary Germans" evolved into a powerful base of support for the Nazi regime. Although Hitler and the National Socialists had never garnered an outright majority in elections before 1933, the author convincingly shows that "the great majority of the German people soon became devoted to Hitler and they supported him to the bitter end in 1945." The Nazis achieved this political miracle by "consensus." The Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci argued that political regimes could hardly expect to use unlimited terror against their subjects a technique combining the threat of terror and coercion would be more effective. Using Gramscian theory is hardly new in an analysis of Nazi Germany, but Gellately does make a provocative claim: that the Nazi use of terror against certain categories of "undesirables" (first Communists, Socialists and trade unionists, then Catholic and Protestant opponents, then the mentally and/or physically impaired, then the Jews and Gypsies) was purposively public and that most Germans agreed with such policies. Decrees, legislation, police actions and the concentration camps were not meant to be hidden from the German people, but in fact were extensively publicized. Contents: Introduction 1. Turning away from Weimar 2. Police Justice 3. Concentration Camps and Media Reports 4. Shadows of War 5. Social Outsiders 6. Injustice and the Jews 7. Special "Justice" for Foreign Workers 8. Enemies in the Ranks 9. Concentration Camps in Public Spaces 10. Dictatorship and People at the End of the Third Reich Conclusion Read the Introduction and first chapter n PDF format: http://www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-820560-0.pdf

Before the war broke out, 1,600 Jews lived in Jedwabne, and only seven survived, saved by a Polish woman, Wyrzykowska, who lived in the vicinity. On Monday evening, June 23, 1941, Germans entered the town. On July 10, 1941 the Jews of Jedwabne were massacred by their Polish neighbors. Jan Gross pieces together eyewitness accounts and other evidence into an engulfing reconstruction of the horrific July day remembered well by locals but forgotten by history. that Jedwabne's Jews were clubbed, drowned, gutted, and burned not by faceless Nazis, but by people whose features and names they knew well: their former schoolmates and those who sold them food, bought their milk, and chatted with them in the street. His investigation reads like a detective story, and its unfolding yields wider truths about Jewish-Polish relations, the Holocaust, and human responses to occupation and totalitarianism. It is a story of surprises: The newly occupying German army did not compel the massacre, and Jedwabne's Jews and Christians had previously enjoyed cordial relations. After the war, the nearby family who saved Jedwabne's surviving Jews was derided and driven from the area. The single Jew offered mercy by the town declined it. He documents a pattern of Polish wartime and postwar violence toward Jews, not just in Jedwabne but in other cities and towns across Poland. Well researched and documented and includes accounts of Polish villagers in Jedwabne, including massacre participants, and not just the few Jewish survivors. Gross has subtly recast the history of wartime Poland and proposed an original interpretation of the origins of the postwar Communist regime. Contents: Outline of the Story, Sources, Before the War, Soviet Occupation, 1939-1941, The Outbreak of the Russo-German War and the Pogrom in Radzilow, Preparations, Who Murdered the Jews of Jedwabne?, The Murder, Plunder 105 Intimate Biographies , Anachronism , What Do People Remember?, Collective Responsibility, New Approach to Sources, Is It Possible to Be Simultaneously a Victim and a Victimizer?, Collaboration , Social Support for Stalinism, For a New Historiography [ See: http://pup.princeton.edu/chapters/i7018.html http://pup.princeton.edu/chapters/s7018.html ]

Erna Paris, Long shadows : truth, lies, and history (New York : Bloomsbury, 2001). xiv, 495 pp. [ Subjects: Jewish Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Moral and ethical aspects, Genocide, Ethnicity, Nationalism--History--20th century, National socialism--Psychological aspects, Jewish Holocaust--Errors, inventions, etc. Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p. [465]-479) and index. ]

Other titles:

Henry Reynolds, An indelible stain? : the question of genocide in Australia's history, Ringwood, Vic. : Viking, 2001, viii, 209 pp. [History of the treatement of Australian Aborigines, bibliography: p. 181-199. ]

Claude Rawson. God, Gulliver, and genocide : barbarism and the European imagination, 1492-1945, Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2001, xvi, 401 pp.

This book looks afresh at how we have confronted the idea of "barbarism" in ourselves and others, from the conquest of the Americas to the Nazi Holocaust, through the voices of many writers, including Montaigne, Swift and Shaw. Rawson, Professor of English at Yale University, is one of the finest 18th-century specialists,analyzes 'the spectrum of aggressions' that exists between such figurative use of the language of extermination and its actual fulfillment in historical genocides over the last six centuries.Subjects: Genocide--Public opinion--History.Indian, Racism, Aliens, Irish and Poor in literature. Jonathan Swift's (1667-1745) Gulliver's travels and Modest proposal.: Includes bibliographical references (p. [311]-379) and index. Rawson's other works include Henry Fielding and the Augustan Ideal Under Stress; Gulliver and the Gentle Reader: Studies in Swift and Our Time; Order from Confusion Sprung: Studies in Eighteenth-Century Literature from Swift to Cowper; The Collected Poems of Thomas Parnell, with F. P. Lock; Satire and Sentiment 1660-1830; and Cambridge History of Literary Criticism: Volume 4: The Eighteenth Century, with H. B. Nisbet. CONTENTS: Texts and Editions Used, Acknowledgements, Introduction 1. Indians and Irish 2. The Savage with Hanging Breasts: Gulliver, Female Yahoos, and 'Racism' 3. Killing the Poor: An Anglo-Irish Theme? 4. God, Gulliver, and Genocide Endnotes, List of Works Cited

Adam Roberts and Richard Guelff, editors, Documents on the Laws of War, 3rd Edtion, Oxford University Press, 2000, 781 pp.

This is a completely revised, updated and greatly expanded edition of a book which has become widely accepted internationally as a standard work on international humanitarian law, the comprehensive guide to the subject. It contains authoritative texts of the main treaties and other key documents covering a wide variety of issues: the rights and duties of both belligerents and neutrals; prohibitions or restrictions on the use of particular weapons; the protection of victims of war, including the wounded and sick, prisoners of war, and civilians; the application of the law to forces operating under UN auspices; the attempts to apply the laws of war in civil wars; the prosecution of war crimes and genocide; the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons; and many other matters. This third edition contains thirteen new documents, including agreements on anti-personnel mines and laser weapons; key extracts from the statutes of the international criminal tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and the International Criminal Court; two documents on UN forces and international humanitarian law; and an extract from the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on nuclear weapons. Each document is preceded by a prefatory note outlining its adoption, interpretation, and implementation, Each treaty is followed by lists of all states parties, plus any reservations and declarations. Compiled with the assistance of the official depositaries of the various international agreements. There is a new appendix listing internet websites. An essential book for statesmen and diplomats, members of armed forces and humanitarian organizations, lawyers, journalists, and students of international law and international relations.

William Dudley, editor, Genocide, Series: Contemporary issues companion, (San Diego, CA : Greenhaven Press, 2001, 186 pp. Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-178)

Kriangsak Kittichaisaree, International Criminal Law, 520 pp

Kriangsak Kittichaisaree is Director of the Legal Affairs Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Thailand and head of the Thai delegation to the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court. In this book he analyzes international criminal law in light of the latest developments, including the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and that for Rwanda. It covers the legal foundations of international criminal law; the substantive law of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression; modes of perpetration of international crimes and grounds for excluding international criminal responsibility; and the implementation of international criminal justice before international criminal tribunals. CONTENTS Part I: Legal Foundations 1. Review of Relevant Concepts 2. Ad Hoc International Tribunals and the International Criminal Court 3. General Principles of International Criminal Law Part II: Particular International Crimes 4. Genocide 5. Crimes Against Humanity 6. War Crimes 7. Aggression and other International Crimes Part III: Modes of Participation and Grounds for Excluding Criminal Responsibility 8. Modes of Participation in International Crimes 9. Grounds for Excluding Criminal Responsibilty Part IV: Procedural and Other Aspects 10. Initiation of Proceedings and International Cooperation 11. Rights of Parties 12. Cumulative Charges, Sentencing, and Compensation for Victims; Epilogue; Appendix; Bibliography and Index

Personal Name: Tierney, Patrick. Main Title: Darkness in El Dorado : how scientists and journalists devastated the Amazon / Patrick Tierney. Published/Created: New York : Norton 2001. Description: xxvii, 431 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., map ; 24 cm. ISBN: 0393322750 (pbk.) Notes: Originally published: c2000. With a new afterword. Includes bibliographical references (p. [399]-409) and index. Subjects: Chagnon, Napoleon A., 1938- --Influence. Chagnon, Napoleon A., 1938- --Public opinion. Yanomamo Indians--Crimes against. Yanomamo Indians--Social conditions. Indians, Treatment of--Amazon River Region. Genocide--Amazon River Region. Gold mines and mining--Amazon River Region. Anthropological ethics--Amazon River Region.

Non-English language

Im Auftrag : Polizei, Verwaltung und Verantwortung : Begleitband zur gleichnamigen Dauerausstellung--Geschichtsort Villa ten Hompel / Alfons Kenkmann, Christoph Spieker (Hg.). Essen : Klartext, 2001, 372 p. [ Subjects: Police--Germany--History--20th century.National socialism, Prisoners and prisons]

Hanah Yablonkah, Medinat Yi´sra'el neged Adolf Aikhman State of Israel vs. Adolf Eichmann, Tel Aviv: Yedi`ot aharonot : Sifre hemed : Yad Yitshak ben Tsevi, 2001, 357 pp. [ Subjects: Adfolf Eichman (1906-1962) War crime trial in Jeruselam --Social aspects--Trials, litigation, Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-346) and index. ]

Lovas István, Népirtások a huszadik században - Népirtások a XX. században, Szentendre : Kairosz, 2001, 260 pp. [ Subjects: Genocide--History, Human rights--Law and legislation--Hungary. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-102). ]

Edgar Alfredo and Balsells Tojo, Olvido o memoria : el dilema de la sociedad guatemalteca, Guatemala : F&G Editores / Litografía Nawal Wuj, 2001, 228 pp. [ Summary: An excellent analysis of Guatemala's tortured relationship with its past, with focus on the background of the conflict, human rights abuses, the project of the "Comité de Esclarecimiento Histórico" and the legacy of genocide and the tribunals of terror. ]

More Books: Books on Genocide and related topics, 1999-2000