Whitaker Report

United Nations Economic and Social Council Commission on Human Rights
Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities
Thirty-eighth session, Item 4 of the provisional agenda, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/6 — 2 July 1985

REVIEW OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN FIELDS WITH WHICH THE SUB-COMMISSION HAS BEEN CONCERNED

Revised and updated report on the question of the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide
Prepared by Mr. B. Whitaker

CONTENTS
				Paragraphs	Page	Webpage
[Title page]						2
FOREWORD				text		3
INTRODUCTION				1-13	1	4
PART I:	HISTORICAL SURVEY			14-24	5	5
	(A)	The crime of genocide and the purpose of the study		14-16	5	5
	(B)	The concept of genocide		17-24	5	5
PART II:				25-68	11	6a
	(A)	The Convention of 9 December 1948		25-28	11	6a
	(B)	Analysis of the Convention		29-68	16	6
		1.	The extent of destruction of a group	29	16	6
		2.	The groups protected	30-31	16	6
		3.	Cultural genocide, ethnocide and ecocide	32-33	17	6
		4.	Political groups	34-37	18	6
		5.	Intent	38-39	19	6
		6.	Acts punishable	40-42	20	6
		7.	Apartheid	43-46	20	7
		8.	Propaganda in favour of genocide	47-49	23	7
		9.	Culpability and superior orders	50-54	23	7
		10.	Enforcement	55-59	27	7
		11.	The quest of the time limitation	60-61	29	7
		12.	Extradition	62-64	33	7
		13.	Calls upon the United Nations to take action	65-68	35	7
PART III:	FUTURE PROGRESS: POSSIBLE WAYS FORWARD			69-91	37	8
	(A)	Ratification		69-70	37	8
	(B)	Future options		71-77	37	8
	(C)	Proposals		78-90	41	9
		1.	Prevention	78-82	41	9
		2.	Early Warning	83-84	42	9
		3.	An international body to deal with genocide	85	43	10
		4.	An International Human Rights Tribunal or Court	86 - 90	44	10
	(D)	Conclusion		91	46	11
PART IV:	LIST OF CONCLUSIONS			92	46	11
APPENDIX						12